I will pay for the following article The Impact of Colonialism on Africa. The work is to be 8 pages with three to five sources, with in-text citations and a reference page. The past has been so tragic that the future looks hopeless. Undeniably, the only known fact of African development for the foreseeable future is that underdevelopment and poverty will increase and intensify. The hallmarks of underdevelopment in Africa have been the increase in slums, stagnating agricultural production, widening the elite mass gap, increase in diseases, foreign debt, and balance of payments deficit. Underdevelopment scholars have contended that the underemployment of human and natural resources and insufficient development was acquired by African nations as a result of historical circumstances such as colonialism, neo-colonialism, and slavery. The colonial history of exploitation and extraction has been attributed to the continent’s current status. Boahen (1987: 89) notes that there is no doubt that a huge amount of structural attributes of the process of economic underdevelopment has historical roots that go back to past colonial times. Experimental studies have confirmed that there is a connection between a nation’s past colonial experience and its current level of economic development. According to Cooper (2002: 76), colonization of African nations applied a direct effect on the post-colonial arrays of growth and human and physical capital build-up.&nbsp. During the pre-colonial period, African nations had well-established laws, customs, ethics, conventions, and rituals, which were particularly effective in resolving issues and conflicts both within and outside the community. These institutions were fruitful in overpowering numerous forms of predatory or rent-seeking behavior (Boahen, 1987: 91). Rent-seeking behaviors are those acts of exploiting the political process in&nbsp.order to increase one’s wealth or profits.&nbsp. These ancient communities stressed cooperation among the people within the communities and maintained harmony. Organized warfare among the communities was rare and sometimes hardly happened.&nbsp.