Answer 3 of the following 12 questions.
1. Discuss the view that development indices provide a useful map for policy-makers in designing policies to enhance human welfare.

2. Discuss the view that agricultural growth and dynamism is needed for the process of successful industrialisation. Use examples to illustrate your answer.

3. Analyse the methodological assumptions and logic of TWO policies advocated under the ‘Washington Consensus’.

4. Karl Marx argues that the class of capitalists exploits the class of wage workers through the extraction of surplus value. Discuss how this argument has been applied to the relationship between countries.

5. Why is good governance more a by-product of economic development than a necessary condition for growth in low-income countries?

6. Discuss how the concept of ‘commodity chains’ differs betweenWorld-Systems theories and Global Commodity Chain analyses.

7. ‘Tax administration is tax policy’ (Richard Bird). Discuss the policy implications of this view and what it tells us about mainstream views on state capacity more generally.

8. ‘Aid is uneven and disproportionate, politicized and undemocratic, less a global welfare system and more a global postcode lottery with few handpicked winners and many, many more losers’ (Ramalingam, 2013). Discuss this view in relation to aid effectiveness debates.

9. Discuss the ways in which a shift from resilience to transformation, in the context of climate change adaptation, can be considered a fundamentally political act?

10.Why is inequality harmful to growth? Illustrate your answer with examples.

11.Discuss the view that priority should be given to improve smallholder productivity growth in poor countries to reduce poverty on a sustained basis.

12.Why and how is national development banking an improvement over financial deregulation in financing industrialisation in late developers?