Within this assignment I am going to talk about Bella, she is 2 days old. The life stage she is in at the moment is infancy which is from 0-5 years old. I am going to talk about any mental health issues she may develop and/or disabilities. This also includes the factors that affect human growth and development, also the care of individuals, the impact of significant life events also nature vs nurture. I am going to do this through a case study approach.As Bella gets older there are many factors that can have an effect on human growth and development. One of the factors being a disability. If a child is born with a disability it can prevent them from achieving their best in life. This is due to the fact that they might need 24 hour care every single day. This also puts them at a disadvantage sometimes because they are not capable to make the right decisions for themselves or to work at the speed and style of the other students. Another factor that could affect human growth and development is exercise, if a child does not get enough exercise they could become overweight or obese. This could have a significant impact on the human growth and development of an individual because having too much fat around your organs at a young age could prevent the developing to their capacity. If the fat is too much on the organs at a young age it could get worse and eventually kill the individual. A third factor that could affect human growth and development is their choice of lifestyle. To some children this can be fatal because if they have parents that have a lot of alcohol and use drugs they might inherit their parent’s habits and using drugs at a young age can affect the development of their brain as their brain develops until they are 25. If they go on and use drugs in the future it could leave them with a serious health condition that can be cured, if the individual stops using drugs and alcohol (Prezi, 2018)As Bella gets older there will be different care needs she will require. When she is a baby one of her care needs is that she will need to go to the doctors for her jabs these will help to protect her against nasty infections such as: measles and tetanus. As Bella gets older she will have many different care needs. If she develops a mental health issue she will have a social worker visit her at her house to see how she is doing and whether she is progressing. Another care need Bella might require is health visits from the district nurse because she might have a health issue that can become serious. When Bella reaches late adulthood her health might deteriorate because she has got older. In her late adulthood she could develop health problems such as diabetes or heart trouble. These health issues could result in her having too much sugar or an unbalanced diet which is also putting a strain on her heart (OCR, ND)The importance of responding to the factors regarding an individual’s growth and development is to try and help to prevent these factors from affect the growth and development of an individual. One of the factors that can be responded to is drugs and alcohol. This can be responded to by changing your lifestyle choices. If the health care practitioners are really concerned about the growth and development of an individual they might have to take them away from their parents or carers to give them a better lifestyle, so they reach their full potential. Another factor that health and social care services can respond to is the amount of exercise an individual does in a day or in a week. A way to help them so they are completing enough exercise tasks is the health practitioners could go to the gym with them and participate to give them a little bit of encouragement or just sit there and record what they complete to see if they make progress in the future. Another way to help them so they don’t put on so much weight is to help them control their calories in their meals. This could be completed by recording the calories in each meal and eating as little sugar as possible.When you are growing up there are many significant life events that you may go through as an individual. One of the significant life events that an individual can go through is Marriage for some people this can be a shock because they never expected it, also this is a significant life event because a wedding can become expensive. Another significant life event an individual can experience is death, if someone in the family dies one it can be a shock because it can be a sudden death and it can take you a while to get used to the fact that you are never going to see that person again. A third significant life event that an individual can go through is starting school. This is classed as a significant life event because when you are 4 or 5 years old you have been at home with your parents all day every day for the last few years. Know they are meeting new people for the first time and are away from their parents for a couple of hours.When you are growing up and going through each life stage there are many significant life events that you will go through in each stage.  In the infancy stage the significant life event you will go through is starting school at the age of 4 or 5. This is massive for the children because they have been at home with their parents for this long now they have to leave them. When you are in the next life stage which is childhood there are more significant life events you will go through, one of them being SATS at the end of year 6 and then transitioning up to high school. For most people this is quite frightening because the children there are quite bigger and older. The next life stage is adolescence and there are more significant life events that you will go through one of them being your GCSE’s which you will complete at the end of year 11. But there is another significant life event in this stage and that is transitioning to college. The next significant life event that you will go through will be going to university and that is when you are in the next life stage which is early adulthood. In this stage another significant life event that you could go through is mother hood and pregnancy it is more common to have children at such a young age. The next life stage is middle adulthood and a significant life event that you could face is grandchildren, marriage, or even children yourself and the menopause. The last life stage is late adulthood a significant life event that you will face is grey hair and your face will start to wrinkle. You might develop health issues that could become serious.To be an effective communicator you need to be able to communicate in more forms than just verbally or face to face. This can include sign language Makaton or augmentative and alternative communication. Effective communication is not just about different forms of communication it is about the skills to be an effective communicator. The skills needed are to be an active listener to do this listen with your whole body because your body language shows a lot e.g. if you are interested in what they are saying. Another skill is by using Non – verbal communication we can send a lot of information using words, hand gestures and symbols. Examples of non – verbal signals are eye contact body language, Facial expressions and the tone of your voice. When you are speaking to patients in a nursing home you have to be clear and concise not only when talking verbally but communication through all the other forms because not all of the patients can hear properly or at all. To be an effective communicator you need to clarify what you have heard by reflecting back to the patient what you have heard. This shows that you are listening to what they are saying. When you are talking to a patient you also need to be empathetic to understand and share their feelings of each other. To be able to communicate effectively you need to provide feedback on what they have told you. You will need to build trust by what you are saying or going to do. Finally you need to present skills of all the above skills mentioned, this includes being accepting of the other person or people you are communicating with (Habits for wellbeing, 2018).The medical model of health and wellbeing says that people are disabled by their impairments or differences whereas the social model of health and wellbeing says that it is caused by the way society is organised. The social model also examines the factors that might contribute to health such as: political or cultural. An example of this is: see diagram It is well documented that both stress and low self-esteem can have a negative impact on health. “Low levels of autonomy and low self-esteem are likely to relate to worse health.” (Marmot, 2003). The medical model has the belief that science could cure disease and it has remained the core element of modern medicineHealth and social care services can meet the care needs of an individual by making sure that they have everything they need to meet their physical requirements such as: food, water and help them to complete some daily exercise to keep the blood flowing around their body. Health and social care services can also meet the care needs of individuals by meeting the rest of the PIES requirements such as intellectual, emotional and social. To meet the requirements of social is that the services will help to take people out so that they can socialise with other people and go out and make new friends (Persons school and FE College ND).It is important to work holistically in a hospital because it means that you look at everything. When a patient is in hospital when you are wanting to make a diagnosis you have to look at everything in the background, is it due to their lifestyle, or have they got an inherited gene that they don’t know about. An example of this would be to not look at them physically but to also look at their mental health, to consider their emotions and to look at their social life. To an extent this could look at their lifestyle because this could be affecting them (Practical nursing 2019).Nature vs nurture is your genes or your environment better for you. Nature is the impact your genes have on you whereas nurture is the effect the environment has on you. If you are a great dancer for example your parents might say that you’ve inherited it from them, but they could disagree with each other and say that you are a great dancer because you have lessons every day. If you were born a twin you genes are the same (nature) but your environment are completely different e.g. you both plant sunflower seeds and one of you has sunflowers that are huge and are bigger than the others (The care blog 2017).Reference listPrezi (2018) factors that affect human growth and development available at https://prezi.com/fdyyjlhbaak7/factors-that-affect-human-growth-and-development/ accessed on 13th December 2018OCR (ND) care needs of an individual available at https://www.ocr.org.uk/Images/139856-level-2-unit-03-individual-needs-in-health-and-social-care.pdf accessed on 17th December 2018Persons school and FE college (ND) how health and social care services meet the needs of individuals.  available at https://www.pearsonschoolsandfecolleges.co.uk/FEAndVocational/HealthAndSocialCare/BTEC/BTECNationalsHealthandSocialCare2016/Samples/Student-Book-1/BTEC-National-in-Health-and-Social-Care-Unit-05-web-ready.pdf accessed on 7th January 2019Practical nursing (2019) the importance of working holistically available at https://www.practicalnursing.org/importance-holistic-nursing-care-how-completely-care-patients accessed on 9th January 2019The care blog (2017) nature vs nurture available at http://thehealthcareblog.com/blog/2017/04/29/nature-vs-nurture/ accessed on 9th January 2019Habits for wellbeing (2018) 9 effective communication skills available at https://www.habitsforwellbeing.com/9-effective-communication-skills/ accessed on 9th January 2019 CDHN (2012) models of health available at https://www.cdhn.org/sites/default/files/downloads/FACTSHEETS%201_Screen%20View%281%29.pdf accessed on 9th January 2019