Write a brief summary of the textbook Chapters 5 and 6, to include the following paragraphs with headings: an overview, 3 key concepts, and a summary. Each key concept must include the textbook page numbers. Each paragraph needs a minimum of 3 sentences and 250 words. Use the template format provided below. Refer to the model assignment (sample) following the template. Please use the template as a guide do not copy. Ch 5 and 6 attached Please no plagiarism no A I chat bots original work.
NOTE: Spelling and grammar are important, so please spell-check and read your work out loud to catch and correct any errors prior to submitting.
TEMPLATE:
Overview
Key Concept from Chapter 5
Key Concept from Chapter 6
Key Concept from Chapter 5 or 6
Summary
SAMPLE:
BELOW IS A SAMPLE REFLECTION SUMMARY. DO NOT COPY THE CONTENTS. IT IS A SAMPLE ONLY TO ILLUSTRATE THE STRUCTURE.
Course: BRE 139, Real Estate Economics
Student Name: Ima Success
Todays Date: 04/20/2024
Textbook Author: Huber, et al.
Chapters 5 & 6
Overview
The topic of Chapter 5 is an introduction to real estate principles. This chapter covers four important concepts for the real estate student. First, the real estate licensing in California is discussed, along with the real estate market. Second, the historical influence of real property is examined. Third, the difference between real property and personal property is spelled out clearly. And last, the chapter concludes by analyzing various methods of land description. These concepts are important because they may be on the real estate exam for licensees.
Key Concept from Chapter 5
I learned that real estate can be a profitable professional (p. 4). One of the reasons it can be profitable is because the compensation to agents is based on the sales price of the house. In California, real estate values are typically high, which translates into a high commission. The commission is always paid to the broker, but the real estate salesperson receives a portion. Many real estate agents are using social media to promote their services.
Key Concept from Chapter 6
The second thing I learned is that property owners have a bundle of rights (p. 5). It means they have control of certain things because they own the real estate. Generally, people view it as a bundle of sticks, with each one of them being a right the owner has. Their types of rights vary based on their level of ownership. For example, homeowners have the right to possess (live in) their houses unless they rent out the house to tenants. In that case, the tenant now has the right to possess the house.
Key Concept from Chapter 5 or 6
The third concept I learned is the definition of real property (p. 6). There are four things that define real property: land, affixed to the land, appurtenant to the land, or immovable. These items tests are what separates real property from personal property. For example, a refrigerator can be moved out of the house, so it is considered personal property. However, a fence is permanently dug into the ground so it becomes part of the real property, along with the land and the house.
Summary
This was an interesting chapter and I learned a lot about real estate. Real estate has a long and colorful history in California. There are several types of land description methods, which will probably be on the state real estate exam. I know I will have to study some of the concepts further, such as the MARIA acronym of determining personal versus real property. In addition to the knowledge of concepts, real estate involves math calculations.
Victor Valley College
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
1/28/2020
2
The function of education is to
teach one to think intensively
and to think critically.
Intelligence plus character
that is the goal of true
education.
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
1/28/2020
3
? M.B.A. Business Entrepreneurship
? B.A. in Real Estate
? Certificate in Tech Writing
? A.A. in Business Management
? A.A. in Real Estate
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
1/28/2020
4
Educating Generations, Building Communities
? Email = [email protected]
? Office Hours = MON & WED 11 AM 12 NN;
TUES & THR 3:30 5:00 PM
? Phone X = 2311
Questions or concerns? REACH OUT right away!
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
1/28/2020
5
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
1/28/2020
6
? Reflection Summary due by beginning of
EACH class (covers 1 chapter)
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
1/28/2020
7
Problems of the Cities
Educating Generations, Building Communities
I.
Cities
II.
Other Negative Factors Facing Cities
III. Whats Happening?
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
1/28/2020
9
Part I.
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
Cities
1/28/2020
10
Educating Generations, Building Communities
1.
Over 70% of Americans live in cities and their surrounding
suburbs
2.
As cities age, the principle of filtering down comes into
play
3.
FILTERING DOWN is when houses are passed down to
lower economic groups. A person with a higher income
moves outward from the city center and lower income
persons tend to move into their former homes
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
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11
Educating Generations, Building Communities
1.
In many urban areas we have seen blocks and whole
areas change from almost entirely Caucasian
residents to almost entirely other ethnic/racial
residents
2.
The reason whites flee areas is fear
3.
The fear is economic, physical, and social
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
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Educating Generations, Building Communities
1.
SPRAWL is outward growth of a metropolitan area
2.
White flight has played a significant role in urban
sprawl
3.
As areas grow geographically larger, people tend to
commute longer distances to work, which results in
traffic problems and greater air pollution
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Educating Generations, Building Communities
1.
There appears to be a direct relationship between the
size of the city and the percentage of its residents
who live at, or below, the poverty level
2.
The poor in central city areas place greater reliance
than others on public transportation
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14
Educating Generations, Building Communities
1.
2.
3.
4.
Net legal immigration to the United States is
approximately one million people
The Immigration and Naturalization Service estimates that
80% of legal immigrants to the U.S. are low skilled with
40% have less than a high school education
Despite efforts to halt illegal immigration, government
action has actually encouraged it
Landlords often take advantage of illegal immigrants by
failing to make repairs to housing and by charging high
rents even where there are rent controls
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
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15
Educating Generations, Building Communities
1.
Homeless street people were largely ignored until
recently
2.
Today, however, increasing homelessness has become a
social and economic issue
3.
The presence of street people can have a negative effect
on property values
4.
Some cities have set aside areas for the homeless where
they have relative safety and are not harassed by
authorities
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
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16
Part II.
Other Negative Factors
Facing Cities
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Educating Generations, Building Communities
1.
As cities age, city management costs increase
dramatically
2.
There is a need for repair or replacement of roads,
bridges, sewer and water systems, public
transportation, etc.
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
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Educating Generations, Building Communities
1.
As cities age, more affluent residents and businesses leave
for the suburbs which reduces their property tax base and
sales revenue
2.
Older cities unable to attract new industry to replace what
has been lost have been described as donut cities.
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
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Educating Generations, Building Communities
1.
RENT CONTROL is any action by a city government to regulate
and control the amount of rent and any future increases
charged by a landlord
2.
States may permit cities to enact rent control
3.
Rent control takes the social burden of helping low-income
people and places the burden on the owners of rental property
4.
Rent control is a discriminatory price control that affects more
than owners of buildings
5.
There has been a movement away from rent control in many
cities
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
1/28/2020
20
Educating Generations, Building Communities
1.
While many central cities have experienced population losses,
the number of households has generally increased
2.
This is due to the growth of households headed by a single
person
3.
Census results reveal that a single person heads over 40% of
American households
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
1/28/2020
21
Educating Generations, Building Communities
1.
2.
High crime rates have caused individuals, businesses and industry to
leave cities
Several factors that contribute to high crime rates within many of our
central cities include:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Congestion
Unemployment
Drugs and alcohol
Breakdown of Family Influence
e)
f)
g)
Increase in Gangs
Hopelessness
Racial Animosity
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
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Educating Generations, Building Communities
1.
BROWNFIELDS refer to real property where the expansion,
development, or re-use may be complicated by the presence
of hazardous substances, pollutants, or contaminants
2.
Many states have toxic waste acts, whereby government can
clean up a site if the owner fails to do so and a judgment
against the owner becomes a lien on the property called a
SUPER LIEN
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
1/28/2020
23
Educating Generations, Building Communities
1.
Highway congestion causes traffic backups on city streets
2.
This can result in seemingly hopeless traffic jams known as
GRIDLOCK
3.
Central cities rarely have enough parking spaces
4.
While more central city parking spaces will solve some traffic
problems, it will create others by encouraging more people to
drive
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
1/28/2020
24
Educating Generations, Building Communities
1.
The federal government hoped that rail transportation would
alleviate highway problems
2.
Profitability of railroads has been in freight, not passenger
service
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
1/28/2020
25
Educating Generations, Building Communities
1.
URBAN BLIGHT results from failure by owners, tenants, and the
city to maintain the property and area
2.
Blighted properties and blighted areas place a financial
burden on local government because a decline in value results
in a decrease in the tax roll
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
1/28/2020
26
Educating Generations, Building Communities
1.
For a variety of reasons, some landlords will say I quit
2.
When a unit has been destroyed by fire or vandalism, the costs
of rehabilitating the unit could exceed it economic value so it
will be left vacant
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
1/28/2020
27
Part III.
Whats Happening?
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Educating Generations, Building Communities
1.
Physical problems of deterioration can be addressed
in three ways:
a)
Conservation
b)
Correction
c)
Clearance
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
1/28/2020
29
Educating Generations, Building Communities
1.
Most cities with blighted areas have seen numerous community
cleanup campaigns where trash and abandoned vehicles are
removed and graffiti is painted over
2.
Capitalism will foster long-term commitment, but altruism is
usually short-lived
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
1/28/2020
30
Educating Generations, Building Communities
1.
Deteriorating housing is just one of the problems facing cities
2.
Rehabilitation interrelates with problems of drugs, violent
crime, school dropouts, and unemployment
3.
For rehabilitation to be meaningful, there must be
neighborhood involvement and pride
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
1/28/2020
31
Educating Generations, Building Communities
1.
Simply clearing an area of old housing does not solve any
problems
2.
When slums are cleared and no replacement housing is
provided, displaced residents put further pressure on the lower
end of the housing market because fewer apartments are
available
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
1/28/2020
32
Educating Generations, Building Communities
1.
Housing formerly available to the poor and middle-class is being
taken over by middle and upper income young urban professionals
2.
This movement of young professionals to the central city is know as
GENTRIFICATION
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
1/28/2020
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Educating Generations, Building Communities
1.
When middle-income professionals, largely whites, start moving
back into areas with distinctive homes, that were largely
populated by other races, it is called WHITE FLIGHT IN REVERSE
2.
The bargain prices and unique architecture entice
preservationists to restore the properties to their original glory
and raise housing prices in the area
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
1/28/2020
34
Educating Generations, Building Communities
1.
Many cities have seen remarkable revitalization of their central
areas with offices, shops, restaurants, and expensive housing
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
1/28/2020
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Educating Generations, Building Communities
1.
The economic solutions available to cities are:
2.
Unincorporate and place the burden on the county
3.
Attract more intensive uses that will increase tax revenues
4.
Increase taxes
5.
Reduce expenses
6.
Create much larger municipal units that include suburbs
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
1/28/2020
36
Educating Generations, Building Communities
1.
Economist Richard Nathan predicts that our large cities will
decline in all aspects in the 21st century
2.
George Sternlieb predicts that the residential portions of our
central cities will become more of a repository
3.
Other planners believe cities will be revitalized and will be very
attractive in the future
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
1/28/2020
37
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
1/28/2020
38
Educating Generations, Building Communities
I.
Cities
II.
Other Negative Factors Facing Cities
III. Whats Happening?
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
1/28/2020
39
Educating Generations, Building Communities
? Read Next Chapter
? Write Reflection Summary
? Study for Quiz
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
1/28/2020
40
Educating Generations, Building Communities
? Schedule 1 hour of study every day
? Plan to be early!
? Always be ready
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
1/28/2020
41
Only what you put into it!
? Take Notes
? Stay Engaged
? Think of How to Apply
? Ask Questions
? Participate / Share
? Do Activities
? Be Grateful
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
1/28/2020
42
Educating Generations, Building Communities
? Educate yourself by attending class
? Assignments & Activities
? Read every day
? Never stop learning!
The more you LEARN the more you EARN.
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
1/28/2020
43
Student Learning Objectives met
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
1/28/2020
44
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
1/28/2020
45
Victor Valley College
Victor Valley College
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
1/28/2020
2
Nothing will work unless
you do.
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
1/28/2020
3
? M.B.A. Business Entrepreneurship
? B.A. in Real Estate
? Certificate in Tech Writing
? A.A. in Business Management
? A.A. in Real Estate
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
1/28/2020
4
Educating Generations, Building Communities
? Email = [email protected]
? Office Hours = MON & WED 11 AM 12 NN;
TUES & THR 3:30 5:00 PM
? Phone X = 2311
Questions or concerns? REACH OUT right away!
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
1/28/2020
5
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
1/28/2020
6
? Reflection Summary due by beginning of
EACH class (covers 1 chapter)
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
1/28/2020
7
Overcoming Problems of
the Cities
Educating Generations, Building Communities
I.
Overcoming Problems of the Cities
II.
Economics and Revitalization
III. Fighting Blight
IV. Assistance to Buyers
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
1/28/2020
9
Part I.
Overcoming Problems of
the Cities
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
1/28/2020
10
Educating Generations, Building Communities
1.
Urban flight is emotionally based
2.
Urban flight will change when residents believe that the
area offers benefits and will likely become even more
desirable in the future
3.
Community actions can help integrate a neighborhood
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
1/28/2020
11
Educating Generations, Building Communities
1.
Some SPRAWL is inevitable
2.
SMART GROWTH is the management direction of growth
that minimizes environmental damage and enhances
livability
3.
One way to discourage growth in an area and encourage
growth in inner areas is to have high impact fees in some
areas and tax incentives in other areas
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
1/28/2020
12
Educating Generations, Building Communities
1.
Severe Penalties and Diversion Programs
2.
Police Involvement
3.
Block Parents
4.
Neighborhood Watch
5.
School Uniforms
6.
Combating Gangs
7.
Building a Sense of Neighborhood
8.
Social Services
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
1/28/2020
13
Educating Generations, Building Communities
1.
Because automobile users pay so little of true highway costs, people tend to live
farther from city centers to obtain cheaper land, causing great highway use
2.
Problems can be addressed by:
a)
Flextime Workers
k)
Home-Based Workers
b)
Off-peak Workweeks
l)
Gas Prices
c)
Four-Day Work Weeks
m)
Police Policy
d)
Toll Road Pricing
n)
Off-Peak Deliveries
e)
One-Way Streets
o)
Stop Sign Evolution
f)
Reversible Lanes
p)
Parking
g)
Coordinated Traffic Signals
q)
Encouraging Bicycles
h)
Car and Van Pools
r)
Light Rail Systems
i)
Trip Reductions
s)
Buses
Paving Technology
t)
Development Fees
j)
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
1/28/2020
14
Educating Generations, Building Communities
1.
In Los Angeles, a private nonprofit organization called
Single Room Occupancy Housing Corporation (SRO) is
purchasing old hotels and renovating them for permanent
housing
2.
Many homeless will not utilize shelters because of:
a)
Strict drug/alcohol rules
b)
Fights
c)
Thefts
d)
Feel like theyre being treated like children
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
1/28/2020
15
Part II.
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
Economics and
Revitalization
1/28/2020
16
Educating Generations, Building Communities
1.
There are many government programs for revitalization and
reclaimed areas that were once blighted
2.
Traffic and congestion are motivating people to look for
alternatives to live in the central city
3.
Private development of new residences is successful because
it is motivated by profit
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
1/28/2020
17
Educating Generations, Building Communities
1.
Some states allow lower tax rates for owner-occupied
dwellings
2.
Tax benefits can help retain residents
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
1/28/2020
18
Educating Generations, Building Communities
1.
The TAX REFORM ACT OF 1986 provides Federal Tax Credits for
developing low-income rental housing and tax incentives for
developing low-income owner-occupied housing.
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
1/28/2020
19
Educating Generations, Building Communities
1.
The desire to obtain new industry and resulting jobs in America
has created a fierce competition between communities for the
same industries
2.
In many cases, significant subsidies have been given to
industries that have brought in low-wage jobs and relatively
few benefits to the community
3.
The burden of paying subsidies falls on the residents and
existing businesses
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
1/28/2020
20
Educating Generations, Building Communities
1.
Commercial developments, like a new mall, can also bring
jobs to a community
2.
Cities should determine long-term economic effects on a
development before giving incentives to developers
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
1/28/2020
21
Educating Generations, Building Communities
1.
IN-FILL DEVELOPMENTS describe building in existing urban areas
2.
A number of cities are providing land for in-fill developments at
no cost or very low cost to the developers
3.
Developers have found that there is a market for the in-fill
developments among first-time homebuyers, empty nesters,
single buyers and tinks
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
1/28/2020
22
Part III.
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
Fighting Blight
1/28/2020
23
Educating Generations, Building Communities
1.
By making code enforcements a priority, communities can
force landlords to maintain rental property and keep it
habitable
2.
The government has seized properties where the owners knew
illegal activities were present
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
1/28/2020
24
Educating Generations, Building Communities
1.
Some structures have been so ravaged by vandals, fire, or
natural disasters that the only solution is demolition
2.
Demolition should be a last resort unless the site is needed for a
planned redevelopment
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
1/28/2020
25
Educating Generations, Building Communities
1.
Because of demolition, many cities have large numbers of vacant
parcels
2.
Cities are creating programs such as The Lot Next Door where
owners of residences have first dibs on vacant lots that adjoin their
residences
3.
If the vacant lots are acquired, the land is likely to be landscaped
and will help the area
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
1/28/2020
26
Educating Generations, Building Communities
1.
Residents and merchants come together to jointly, put pressure on
the city to enforce codes that clean up housing units and police
can kick out menaces
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
1/28/2020
27
Educating Generations, Building Communities
1.
CDCs are nonprofit organizations formed to revitalize
economically distressed areas
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
1/28/2020
28
Educating Generations, Building Communities
1.
This multi-billion dollar program provides entitlement
communities that are eligible metropolitan cities and
urban counties with annual direct grants that can be
used to revitalize neighborhoods
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
1/28/2020
29
Educating Generations, Building Communities
1.
HUD can grant empowerment zones within a city at their request
2.
The HUD program was designed to afford communities the
opportunity for growth and revitalization
3.
EZs are eligible for federal grants that can be spent at the
discretion of the zone
4.
Plans for national rebuilding after Hurricanes Katrina and Rita were
fostered by empowerment zones
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
1/28/2020
30
Educating Generations, Building Communities
1.
Some states can designate a community as an enterprise zone
2.
Tax credits and benefits may be given to firms who locate their
businesses within the designated zone
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
1/28/2020
31
Educating Generations, Building Communities
1.
This act provides the procedure for registry of historical building
sites or historical landmarks
2.
The act also provides for the protection and restoration of
historical sites and districts
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
1/28/2020
32
Educating Generations, Building Communities
1.
By designating an area as a historic district, the exterior
architecture of a area can be maintained and the
appearance of new structures can be controlled
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
1/28/2020
33
Educating Generations, Building Communities
1.
In many major cities, riverfront areas were ugly places that
people avoided
2.
Today, many large cities are redeveloping the riverfronts so
that all the people can enjoy them and appreciate them
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
1/28/2020
34
Educating Generations, Building Communities
1.
Brownfields are areas of land where soil contamination may
exist due to past dumping or poor disposal laws
2.
In order to encourage redevelopment, several states now
offer liability protection to developers of Brownfield sites
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
1/28/2020
35
Educating Generations, Building Communities
1.
Tagging and spray painting on buildings, walls, and bridges
are defacing many of our communities
2.
It is illegal in many communities for stores to sell spray paint
cans to minors although this has had little or no effect on the
elimination of graffiti
3.
To help curb the problem, many cities just paint over the
graffiti or spray areas with special coatings so paint will not
stick
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
1/28/2020
36
Part V.
Assistance to Buyers
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
1/28/2020
37
Educating Generations, Building Communities
1.
Real estate brokers can play a role in central city rejuvenation by
helping to increase the percentage of homeowners
2.
Listing in the community helps to sell in the community
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
1/28/2020
38
Educating Generations, Building Communities
1.
Experience has shown that urban blight can be halted and the process
reversed when the ratio of owner-occupants to tenants is increased
2.
The Enterprise Foundation has established private loan funding which is
available to low-income families to purchase homes
3.
Many banks have established community development subsidiaries to
invest in revitalizing deteriorating neighborhoods, buildings or lowincome housing
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
1/28/2020
39
Educating Generations, Building Communities
1.
In blighted areas, some cities allow urban homesteading, which
after living in the home, rehabilitating the home for three years, a
homesteader will receive title on the structure
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
1/28/2020
40
Educating Generations, Building Communities
1.
This plan offers assistance with down payments on a house
2.
The program does not give mortgages, but makes gifts or loans
for down payments
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
1/28/2020
41
Educating Generations, Building Communities
1.
Habitat for Humanity is a nonprofit Christian housing ministry
dedicated to eliminating substandard housing and homelessness
on a worldwide basis
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
1/28/2020
42
Educating Generations, Building Communities
1.
Most statisticians feel that our count-every-nose census
approach is not only expensive but is also inaccurate
2.
By saving money on the census, some statisticians believe more
Federal money will be available to help fight blight
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
1/28/2020
43
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
1/28/2020
44
Educating Generations, Building Communities
I.
Overcoming Problems of the Cities
II.
Economics and Revitalization
III. Fighting Blight
IV. Assistance to Buyers
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
1/28/2020
45
Educating Generations, Building Communities
? Read Next Chapter
? Write Reflection Summary
? Study for Quiz
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
1/28/2020
46
Educating Generations, Building Communities
? Schedule 1 hour of study every day
? Plan to be early!
? Always be ready
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
1/28/2020
47
Only what you put into it!
? Take Notes
? Stay Engaged
? Think of How to Apply
? Ask Questions
? Participate / Share
? Do Activities
? Be Grateful
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
1/28/2020
48
Educating Generations, Building Communities
? Educate yourself by attending class
? Assignments & Activities
? Read every day
? Never stop learning!
The more you LEARN the more you EARN.
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
1/28/2020
49
Student Learning Objectives met
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
1/28/2020
50
BRE – 139 Real Estate Economics
1/28/2020
51
Victor Valley College
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