Developing countries face many different dilemmas. Some are self-inflicted while others are placed before them. We will look at two of those countries that are going through underdevelopment. The African countries of Egypt and Eritrea are the two we will be comparing, because I have always been fascinated with Egypt and I am concerned with the struggles of Eritrea. After this comparison we will know why both these countries are struggling to develop.Geography of EritreaEritrea has a population of about 5, 187, 948 people and is a coastal African country that is adjacent to the Red Sea. Its neighboring countries are Sudan, Ethiopia and Djibouti. With a population of about 800,000 people, the city capital of Asmara. Being made up of only the Tigre people, Asmara became the capital in the 1900’s and remained a small colonial town until 1934. It served as the main base for the Italian invasion of Ethiopia in 1935, and the town rapidly grew as the leading city in East Africa. The British controlled Asmara from 1941 until 1952. It also was an U.S. telecommunications base called Kagnew, from 1942 to 1977. It did not become a capital of Eritrea until in 1993.Geography of EgyptEgypt’s specific geography isolated Egypt from some of the part of the first old world. In the formative years of Egyptian society, the separation was the asset. It allowed the society to grow and flourish. Subsequently, Egypt’s strong farming-made likely by one of empire’s important geographic characteristics, the waters of the Nile River-was the resentment of different cultures and helped connect the Egyptians to peoples around the Mediterranean.Egypt is the most populous Arab country at a little more than 82 million people and is the third most populous country in Africa. Since 1996, Egypt’s population has grown from 62 million to more than 93.5 million. That’s 50% more people in just 20 years. Today, this includes Syrian refugees. [3]Ethnicity: In EritreaThere are 9 different cultural groups with various cultures, languages and modes of living. Despite their various ethnicity and religious (primarily Christian& Muslim) differences, the people of Eritrea were able to invent the unified place and waged the 30-year battle of liberation from Ethiopia. The battle culminated in 1993 in the creation of the government of Eritrea, achieved through the UN supervised vote.Ethnicity: In EgyptNubians have long been regarded as one of the oldest cultures in the southern lands of Egypt. The Nubian culture, including its dance and music culture, is predominately based of their beliefs in nature. Historians closely link the Nubians to ancient Egypt. Ancient Egypt conquered Nubian territory and combined them into its provinces. The Nubians would go on to conquer Egypt in its 25th Dynasty. Relations between the two peoples also show peaceful cultural interchange and cooperation, including mixed marriages. Today, people of Nubian descent primarily live in southern regions of Egypt, with dense populations located in in Luxor and Aswan regions, and in northern Sudan mostly between the city of Wadi Halfa and Al Dabbah. The Hill Nubians live in the northern Nuba Mountains in South Kordofan state, Sudan and are made up of several different groups under one banner. There are four main Nubian groups: the Halfaweyen, Sikut, Mahas and Dongola. [3]Misuse of resources and lack of in Eritrea.The administration of Eritrea has announced that it is investing in three priority fields; food safety and agricultural industry, infrastructure growth, and human resources growth. However, Eritrea’s economic circumstances remain difficult as the result of the global economic slowdown, the tough macroeconomic condition, and limited personal and human capital. But income from the production sector, if done prudently, makes chances for improving the revenue-spending ratio. [4]Misuse of resources in Egypt.One of the biggest misuses of resources would have to be water in Egypt. It is to the point that they have passed a law based off a presidential decree because of illegal irrigations coming off the Nile river. Now with the newly passed law in October 2018, violators will face imprisonment if they violate the law. It is to the point that poor make shift irrigation PVC pipes with leakage is wasting the water from the illegal taps. The good thing about this law is it paves the way for setting Egypt up with a new irrigation system for the country. [5][6][7]The natural resources of Egypt have had a hard time being in MRQ (Modern Regulatory Quality). This includes proper stringent licensing and keeping accurate track of revenue. These resources include but not limited to water, natural gas, petroleum, iron ore and crude oil which is on the decline in Egypt. Without proper documentation and record keeping it is not clear how much money is being made due to possible corruption. However, Egypt has been working to clear this corruption from its government since 1996. [8][9]Government Corruption in EritreaPresident of Eritrea has been the president since 1993. He has had 25 years to shape and mold the country the way he sees fit. He has stayed in power by dividing the people as most dictators use this tactic to stay in power. No matter what issue comes up he always denies it. He denies that there is corruption in the government and that there are bribes being taken, yet and still there is no improvement in the countries status as the worlds least developed country.President Isaias Afwerki is from the Tigrigna’s ethnic group. Even they find him to be repulsive as a leader. The divide and conquer tactic he frequently run is for keeping the Tigrigna’s and the Christian from trusting one another. This makes it easier to rule when two of your biggest groups are constantly fighting with one another and not in unity against the corrupt government. President Afwerki has not gained public support by doing what’s good for the country but stays in power by using such tactics as intimidation, murder, imprisonment coercion and even torture.People have fled this country as Eritrea has been the leading refugee source nation since at least the decades, when its 30-year struggle for freedom from Ethiopia started. Since reaching freedom at 1993, Eritreans kept migrating to Sudan, Ethiopia, Yemen, Egypt, or Zion because of the need of fundamental human rights or governmental independence, educational and job opportunities, or to seek asylum because of militarization. Eritrea’s huge diaspora has been the source of critical remittances, funding its struggle for independence and offering 30 percent of the nation’s GDP annually since it turned into independent.Government Corruption in EgyptGovernment corruption starts with businesses in Egypt. There is bribery and extortion to gain favor for businesses. There is a lot of nepotisms as well. Nepotism has long been a part of the Egyptian culture for years. There are a lot of unqualified people holding positions they are not qualified for through sheer family or friend’s relationship status. This is one of the reasons why I believe there is so much corruption as well.Egypt does have a strict Penal Code, but without proper enforcement, it is sort of obsolete. That also brings us to the police in Egypt. The people in Egypt have zero faith in the police or any security forces due to the high number of times that power was abused. 3 out of 5 people say they had to pay a bribe in order to get the services they needed. This is one of the hardest things to get rid of and is like a cancer that is eating away at the very fabric of Egyptian society.Judicial System EritreaA big problem with this system is that President Afwerki office has a big influence in the courts. Some people of Eritrea have stated that they have been treated unfairly especially in the civil courts. There have been times where they were also made to sale their dwellings to high ranking military or security officials. The problem with that is they were made to sell their dwellings for far less what they were worth. It is hard to report this to the very police who are doing this, to the police force that protects its own no matter what.Judicial System EgyptThe Egyptians have a problem with the judicial system in place. Complaints ranging from long and drawn out settlements to non-enforcement of settlements won. The only way that most people get their settlements enforced is through bribery. Even then it is not guaranteed that they will get their settlement. 1 out of 5 Egyptians do not trust the courts, judges and magistrates because of corruption.ClosingIn closing we have looked at the geography, ethnicity, misuse of resources, government corruption and corruption in the judicial system for both countries. In the end corruption affects both countries big and small and the people of both countries suffer due to either no trust in the government or fear. Eritrea has a long way to go with getting rid of the corruption in its government. It will not get better until their corrupt president is removed. Egypt on the other hand must gain the trust of its people back by showing them that they are a different government from the old.References[1] “Country profile: Eritrea”. BBC News. 17 June 2008. Retrieved 1 July 2008.[2] “Eritrea”. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 28 February 2013.[3] Sesana, Renato Kizito; Borruso, Silvano (2006). I Am a Nuba. Paulines Publications Africa. p. 26. ISBN 9789966081797.[4] Arab League Fast Facts – CNN.com. Edition.cnn.com (18 March 2016). Retrieved on 5 June 2016.[5] Carmignani, Luigi; Salvini, Riccardo; Bonciani, Filippo (2009). “Did the Nile River flow to the Gulf of Sirt during the late Miocene?” (PDF). Bollettino della Societa Geologica Italiana (Italian Journal of Geoscience). 128 (2): 403–408. doi:10.3301/IJG.2009.128.2.403.[6] Salvini, Riccardo; Carmignani, Luigi; Francionib, Mirko; Casazzaa, Paolo (2015). “Elevation modelling and palaeo-environmental interpretation in the Siwa area (Egypt): Application of SAR interferometry and radargrammetry to COSMO-SkyMed imagery”. Catena. 129: 46–62. doi: 10.1016/j.catena.2015.02.017.[7] Schuster, Mathieu; et al. (2006). “The age of the Sahara Desert” (PDF). Science. 311 (5762): 821–821. doi:10.1126/science.1120161. [8] “South Africa just lost its spot as Africa’s second largest economy”. Retrieved 11 November 2017.[9] “South Africa’s Economy Falls to Third Behind Nigeria, Egypt”. Retrieved 19 November 2017.Get Help With Your EssayIf you need assistance with writing your essay, our professional essay writing service is here to help!Find out more